Weed control: Rather than using herbicide, we use a mechanical grape hoe for weed removal under the canopy, and we use the traditional “by hand” method for weeding.

Pest control: We use organic, natural pest control sprays, such as horsetail or stinging nettle, grown on our own property, harvested and sprayed on the vines.

Sprays: We ensure that our rates of spray follow the organic standards, rather than regular spray standards. Not only is this approach better environmentally, but organic sprays only coat the exterior. While this means that they wash off and don’t last as long, it also means that a more natural fermentation occurs by keeping some of the natural yeast, rather than adding it externally.

Organic certified products: Our chicken fertilizer, cover crop and fermentation nutrients are ‘organic certified.’ Occasionally we do need to use a chemical product, but the products we use are certified organic.

Bird Abatement: Birds are a huge threat to our crop from August to October, when they are attracted to the sweet, ripened grapes. We have employed numerous methods to try and deter them, and we have  increased our efforts as time passed and our crops grew.

In 2014, we installed Gintec netting, (side netting 1 metre coverage, 3 mm x 5 mm holes for bees not birds, UV stabilized, chemical resistance, tear and stretch resistant with reinforced edges), closing with a c-clip or catch wire clip.

In 2015, we had 4 acres of grapes in their first production. We purchased and installed a second type of bird netting (F3 Netting, knitted side netting, 1.5 metres coverage, monofilament yarn/lock stitch with reinforced edge and eyelets. 3 x 8 mm, 65 grams, UV treated and stretchy) and the Gintec nets, and we doubled the amount of C-clips to close both styles of nets more tightly. We also used decoy visual bird scarers (owls and balloon “eyes”). We lost 85% of our fruit to the birds with this harvest, despite all of our attempts to deter them.

In 2016, we had 6 acres of fruiting vines, and we used all of the above deterrents, as well as quadrupling the netting closers and minimizing any holes for the birds to enter through. We added scare tape (reflective tape), brought dogs in to chase away the birds and we added 2 bird scare cannons. With all of these measures in place, our crop loss was down to 11-12%.

Using bird cannons is common vineyard practice in Ontario and it is a legal means for farmers to try and save as much of their crops (and businesses) as possible. Despite those facts, bird bangers were never our first choice and we have stopped using them in the vineyard.

Here are just some of the techniques we employ:

• We have planted sunflowers around the headlands, as well as installing bird feeders/houses to offer food and a place for them outside the vines.
• We  have hilled the soil at the end posts and at the bottom of the netting to make it tighter and more difficult for them to get in.
• We employ 2 solar powered sonic bird units that cover approximately 4 acres and omit sounds of predatory birds to try and scare off the nuisance species attracted to our grapes.